Sinusitis

Sinusitis waxaa loo tixraacaa xaalad barar ah oo ku lug leh sinuses sanka kuwaas oo ah meelo bannaan oo bannaan oo ku yaal wejiga, dhabannada, sanka, iyo indhaha. Sinusitis waxay ku lug yeelan kartaa hal ama in ka badan hal sinus.
Maxillary sinus (meel bannaan oo lafaha ku wareegsan sanka) ayaa ah midka ugu badan ee ku lug leh, oo ay ku xigto ethmoid (meel bannaan oo lafaha qaybta sare ee sanka ee indhaha dhexdooda), hore (meel bannaan oo lafaha qaybta hoose ee wejiga, oo gaara indhaha indhaha iyo sunnayaasha) iyo sphenoid sinuses (meel bannaan ee lafaha hore ee lafaha hore). Guud ahaan, xab-xabku kuma ururo daloolka sanka, laakiin dhowr qofood marka ostia sinus uu xannibmo ama nadiifinta ciliary ay khaldan tahay ama maqan tahay dheecaanka ama xabku wuxuu ku haraa sinuska kaas oo keena calaamadaha caadiga ah iyo calaamadaha sinusitis. Marka dheecaannadani ay ku ururaan sinus-ka, waxay noqdaan kuwo aad ugu nugul cudur-sidaha kala duwan sida fayrasyada, bakteeriyada, iyo fungi.
Iyada oo ku saleysan muddada jirrada, waxaa loo kala saari karaa sinusitis ba'an ama daba-dheer, iyadoo ku saleysan sababta sinusitis, sida fayraska, bakteeriyada, iyo fungal, waxaa loogu yeeri karaa sinusitis-ka faafa ama aan faafa ahayn.
Sinusitis fayraska ayaa aad ugu badan marka la barbardhigo sinusitis-ka bakteeriyada.
Fayrasyada keena sinusitis-ka waxaa ka mid ah Rhinovirus, Fayraska Hargabka iyo Fayraska Parainfluenza, Fayraska Isku-dhafka Neefsiga, Adenovirus, iyo Enterovirus.
Bakteeriyada sababa sinusitis-ka waxaa ka mid ah Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, iyo Staphylococcus aureus.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis waa xaalad uu keeno fungi, oo ay ku jiraan Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Mucor, Lictheimia, iyo Cunninghamella. Sinusitis fangas inta badan waxay ku dhacdaa oo keliya bukaanada macaanka qaba ketoacidosis iyo kuwa qaata tallaalka, malignancies hematologic, iyo bukaanada qaata daaweynta glucocorticoid (tusaale: beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, cortisone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, methyprednisolone, prednisolone) iyo sidoo kale shakhsiyaadka qaata triammine.

Haddii aad ka shakisan tahay inaad qabto Sinusitis ama aad leedahay arrimo halis ah, waa muhiim inaad la tashato ENT.

Sababaha Sinusitis

• Xasaasiyadda xasaasiyadda
• Barotrauma (oo ka yimid dhaawac-badeedka hoose ama safarka hawada)
• Soo-gaadhista kimikalka cuncunka
• Burooyinka Sinus (kaankarada unugyada squamous)
• Cudurada granulomatous sida granulomatosis leh polyangiitis, wiyisha
• Xaalado yar ayaa keena in xababka uu ka kooban yahay beddelo tusaale ahaan cystic fibrosis

Waxyaabaha halista ah ee Sinusitis

• Welwelka qaabdhismeedka sida weecasho septal
• Polyposis sanka ayaa xanniba qulqulka sinuska ee burooyinka
• Shakhsiyaadka difaaca jirka ah, sida bukaanada qaba xasaasiyadaha soo noqnoqda, HIV, AIDS, neefta, sonkorowga, shakhsiyaadka difaaca jirka ee qaata kemotherabi iyo ama steroids, kuwa qaata tallaalka, iyo cudurrada dhiigbaxa.
• Gudaha ICU-dubbada sanka ee sanka iyo tuubooyinka sanka ayaa ah arrimo khatar weyn u ah sinusitis-ka nosocomial. Bakteeriyada guud ahaan sababa sinusitis-ka deegaanka cisbitaalka waxaa ka mid ah cudurada u adkaysta dawooyinka badan sida Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, iyo noocyada Enterobacter.

Calaamadaha Sinusitis

Calaamadaha guud ee sinusitis-ka waxaa ka mid ah:

• Sanka oo ka dareera iyo ciriiri
• Xanuunka wajiga ama cadaadiska sanbabada saameeya
• Madax
• Dheecaan sanka oo dhumuc weyn leh
• Qufac, hindhiso
• Qandho
• Daal
• Ilka xanuunka inta badan ku dhaca gowsaha sare 
• Neef xun

Sinusitis-ka Maxillary wuxuu keenaa calaamado ay ka mid yihiin ciriiri sanka ah, dheecaan sanka ka soo baxaya, xanuunka wejiga, urta oo lunta (anosmia)

Calaamadaha cudurka sinusitis-ka ee ethmoid sinusitis waxaa ka mid ah xanuunka u dhexeeya geesaha indhaha, xanuunka madaxa sare, wejiga u dhow, xanuunka buundada sanka, aragga oo xumaada ama aragga oo yaraada. 

Calaamadaha sinusitis-ka hore waxaa ka mid ah, osteomyelitis waa dhibka sinusitis-ka hore.
Sphenoid sinusitis wuxuu keenaa astaamo ay ka mid yihiin dhego-xanuun, qoor xanuun, xanuun indhaha gadaashiisa ah, xanuun xagga sare ee madaxa.

Dhibaatooyinka sinusitis waxaa ka mid ah -buro barar ah Pott, meningitis (caabuq / barar xuubka difaaca ee daboolaya maskaxda iyo xudunta laf dhabarta), nabarka epidural (cudurka meesha bannaan ee u dhexeeya lafaha dhafoorka iyo xuubka maskaxda) iyo nabarka maskaxda ( jeebabka maskaxda oo buuxsamay).

Ogaanshaha Sinusitis

Iyada oo ku saleysan muddada jirrada, waxaa loo kala saari karaa sinusitis ba'an ama daba-dheer, iyadoo lagu salaynayo sababta sinusitis, sida fayraska, bakteeriyada iyo fungal, waxaa loogu yeeri karaa sinusitis infekshan ama aan fiicneyn.

Daawaynta Sinusitis

• Rhinosinusitis - waa xaalad barar ah oo ku lug leh sinuska sanka.
• Guud ahaan, haddii calaamadaha sinusitis ay ku xallin waayaan qiyaastii 7 maalmood ka dib antibiyootiga ayaa lagula talinayaa
• Haddii ay dhacdo xaalado degdeg ah, penicillins-ka afka ayaa lagula talinayaa 10 maalmood.
• Haddii ay dhacdo xasaasiyada penicillins, ka dibna clindamycin ama fluoroquinolones.
• Haddii ay dhacdo nabar ama osteomyelitis ba'an ka dib antibiyootiko nidaamsan ayaa lagula talinayaa kuwaas oo u baahan kara isbitaal dhigista maalmaha ugu horreeya.
• Biyo-baxa endoscopic ee mareenka ayaa noqon doona doorashada lagu taliyey.
• Antibiyootikada ka hortagga ah laguma talinayo haddii ay dhacdo xanuunno soo noqnoqda ee sinusitis.

Tallaabooyinka Ka Hortagga Sinusitis

Qaadashada tallaalada sida tallaalka hargabka sannadkii. Waxay ka hortagi kartaa hargabka ama waxay yareyn kartaa halista in lagu yeesho calaamadaha hargabka daran taasoo marar yar u baahan in isbitaalka la seexiyo. 

Samee & Ha samayn