Chronic joint pain is a persistent and often debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It can significantly impact one's quality of life, making it essential to understand the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options. This blog post delves into these aspects while also exploring the fascinating field of cartilage regeneration as a promising avenue for managing joint pain. Causes of Chronic Joint Pain Chronic joint pain can have a multitude of causes. One of the most common culprits is osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time. Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder, and gout, a form of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, are also frequent sources of chronic joint pain. In addition, overuse or injury can lead to chronic pain, as can conditions like fibromyalgia and lupus. It's crucial to identify the underlying cause of the pain for effective treatment. Symptoms of Chronic Joint Pain The symptoms of chronic joint pain can vary depending on the underlying cause. However, common symptoms include persistent discomfort, swelling, stiffness, and reduced range of motion in the affected joints. Pain often worsens with activity, making everyday tasks challenging. Inflammation is a hallmark of many joint conditions, leading to redness, warmth, and tenderness in the affected area. These symptoms can significantly impact one's physical and emotional well-being. If you're experiencing chronic joint pain, it is essential to consult with an Orthopedist as soon as possible. Treatment Options for Chronic Joint Pain Treatment for chronic joint pain aims to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and improve joint function. Non-pharmacological approaches include physical therapy, weight management, and assistive devices to ease joint stress. Medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or analgesics can offer relief, but they may have side effects. In some cases, corticosteroid injections can provide temporary relief. For severe joint damage, surgical interventions such as joint replacement may be necessary. <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Qvvfb0d6Qkk" width="560" height="314" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Cartilage Regeneration as a Promising Solution In recent years, the field of cartilage regeneration has shown great promise in managing chronic joint pain. This approach involves stimulating the growth and repair of damaged or worn cartilage. Various techniques, including microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, are being explored. These methods aim to promote the body's natural healing processes, potentially delaying or even avoiding the need for joint replacement surgery. While the science of cartilage regeneration is still evolving, it offers hope for individuals suffering from chronic joint pain, as it addresses the root cause of many joint conditions. In conclusion, chronic joint pain is a challenging condition with numerous potential causes, and its symptoms can be debilitating. However, a range of treatment options is available to help individuals manage their pain and improve their quality of life. Additionally, the emerging field of cartilage regeneration holds promise for addressing the underlying issues that lead to joint pain. As research in this area continues to advance, it may offer new hope for those seeking long-term relief from chronic joint pain. If you're experiencing chronic joint pain, consult with a healthcare professional to explore the most suitable treatment options based on your specific condition.

Cardiovascular Surgery procedures are surgeries done on the heart for various conditions like Coronary Artery Disease (blockages in the blood vessels around the heart), valvular heart disease (disease of the mitral and aortic valve etc.) Coronary Artery Disease The heart muscle like any other organ in the body needs blood supply as nutrition for continuous pumping. The heart beats tirelessly and continuously from the time the fetus conceives in the mother’s womb at about three weeks till the entire life span of the individual. The blood vessels that supply blood ad nutrition to the heart are called Coronary arteries. With growth and advancing age, as a result OF several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, cholesterol and calcium and other blood cells deposit inside the blood vessels of the heart causing narrowing of the lumen. These deposits are called atheroma or atherosclerotic plaque. Depending on the nature and location of the blockages and extent of blockages, patients can develop several symptoms ranging from chest pain (called angina) to breathlessness, fatiguability, low energy levels, heart attack and even sudden death. The blockages in the blood vessels around the heart (called Coronary Artery Disease) needs timely identification and treatment as it can be lifesaving. Commonly performed procedures include stenting (also called PTCA- for Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty) where Cardiologists pass wires through smaller blood vessels in the hand or groin up to the heart. The wires are passed inside the coronary arteries at the site of blockage and dilated with balloons and stents are deployed to open the narrowing to normal caliber. When there are multiple blockages or hard calcified blockages not amenable for stenting, option to treat the severe blockages include surgical procedure called Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). CABG is a surgical procedure where the surgeon reaches the heart either through the breast bone or from the side of the chest and bypasses the blockages using either a segment of vein from the leg or segment of artery from inside the chest called Internal Mammary artery. CABG procedure is now a days routinely performed for patients with multiple heart blockages with good results and successful outcomes. Patients typically stay for about a week in the hospital and are discharged home. Recovery after open heart surgery typically happens in 6-8 weeks for most patients. After CABG surgery, patients can lead a near normal lifestyle when they are on regular follow-up. To know more about Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) procedure, book your appointment with a Cardiothoracic Surgeon. Valvular Heart Diseases The heart is a four-chambered organ that has valves guarding each chamber - 2 on the right called Tricuspid and Pulmonary valve and 2 on the left - called mitral and aortic valves. The valves permit flow of blood in one direction only. Any disturbance in the flow dynamics caused by either narrowing of the valve (called stenosis) or backflow of the blood (called regurgitation) puts strain on the normal functioning of the heart and major symptoms like breathlessness, swelling of feet, increased pressures in the lung and irregular heart beat etc. Narrowing of mitral valve is called mitral stenosis while narrowing of the aortic valve from degeneration or calcium deposition is called Aortic stenosis. Similarly, leakage of blood flow resulting in backflow is called Mitral regurgitation when it involves the mitral valve and Aortic regurgitation when it involves the aortic valve. The treatment of valvular heart disease is initially medical for control of symptoms and when there is no progression of the valve disease. However, in advanced stages, patient will need open heart surgery that will replace the defective valve with a new valve - either mechanical or tissue valve. The surgery is usually called Mitral valve replacement and aortic valve replacement. Some patients have two of the valves in the heart damaged - and will need both of the valves replaced. Valve repair is an option for selected patients when the valves are feasible to be repaired. In valve repair, native valve is preserved and the defect is usually repaired instead of replacing with a new valve. Coronary Artery bypass and valve repair and replacement are the most commonly performed cardiovascular procedures and account for 80% of heart operations performed. There are other surgeries performed for rare conditions when the entire heart is not functioning well and dilated - condition called Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Heart Transplant or Left Ventricular Assist Device is the option. Also for enlarged blood vessels of the heart called Aortic aneurysm, procedure to replace the blood vessel along with the valve is performed - called Aortic Root replacement or Bentall Procedure. <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FxFfFQeWKas?t=39s" width="560" height="314" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HEART SURGERY Any procedure carries with it certain risks like risk of death and complications. Heart operations are performed routinely now a days with acceptable risk of death and complications. Some of the complications that can occur after open heart surgery include - Bleeding - Increased bleeding after surgery occurs in 1-2% of patients and is usually managed with blood and blood products like fresh frozen plasma, platelets etc. Most of the bleeding usually settles down with the above measures. Very rarely, the surgeon may choose to take the patient back to the operation theater to identify the source of bleeding and fix it. Stroke - Stroke is another potential complication that can occur after open heart surgery ina small percentage of patients (1-2%). Stroke occurs when one half of the body is paralyzed and patient is unable to move the hand or leg due to defect in blood supply to the brain. Kidney Injury - Patients who have long-standing diabetes or high BP have borderline low kidney function which can temporarily worsen after heart operation. More than 95% of the patients recover uneventfully in a few days. However, some patients may develop severe kidney injury needing dialysis in the post operative period till the kidney recovers eventually. Infection - Infection is another risk after any surgery more so after open heart surgery in patients with diabetes and other immunosuppressive conditions.

Our lungs are incredible organs that play a vital role in keeping us alive. They facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, ensuring our bodies receive the oxygen they need to function properly. However, in today's world, our lungs face numerous challenges, from air pollution to lifestyle choices that can harm them. In this blog, we'll explore seven ways to keep your lungs healthy and functioning optimally. By following these strategies, you can promote better lung health and overall well-being. Don't Smoke  The most critical step in maintaining healthy lungs is to avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. Smoking is a leading cause of lung disease, including lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage lung tissue and reduce lung function. If you are a smoker, quitting is the single most important thing you can do to improve your lung health. Seek support from healthcare professionals or smoking cessation programs if needed. Prioritize Regular Exercise  Regular physical activity is not only beneficial for your heart and muscles but also for your lungs. Exercise helps improve lung capacity, making them more efficient at delivering oxygen to your body. Cardiovascular activities like jogging, swimming, and cycling can strengthen your respiratory muscles and enhance lung function. Even simple activities like brisk walking can be highly beneficial. Additionally, exercise helps with weight management, reducing the risk of obesity-related lung problems. Incorporate regular physical activity into your routine to maintain healthy lungs. Maintain a Balanced Diet Nutrition plays a significant role in lung health. A well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can provide essential nutrients that support lung function. Antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E, can help protect your lungs from oxidative stress. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and flaxseed, can reduce inflammation in the airways. On the other hand, a diet high in processed foods and saturated fats can increase inflammation and compromise lung health. Staying hydrated is also essential, as it keeps mucus thin and easy to clear, reducing the risk of infections. Breathe Clean Air  Air quality greatly impacts lung health. To protect your lungs, take steps to minimize exposure to air pollution and other respiratory irritants. Use air purifiers in your home to reduce indoor air pollution. When outdoors, be mindful of air quality alerts and try to stay indoors on days when pollution levels are high. If you live in a highly polluted area, consider wearing a mask when necessary. Moreover, avoid exposure to harmful chemicals and fumes, whether at work or while using household products. Proper ventilation and respiratory protection can be crucial in these situations. Practice Good Hygiene  Preventing respiratory infections is crucial for lung health. Wash your hands regularly, especially during cold and flu seasons. Get vaccinated against preventable respiratory illnesses like the flu and pneumonia. If you're sick, practice good respiratory hygiene by covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze to prevent the spread of germs. Avoid close contact with individuals who are sick to reduce the risk of infection. Stay Hydrated  Proper hydration is essential for maintaining healthy lungs. Drinking enough water helps keep the mucus in your airways thin and easy to expel. When you're well-hydrated, your lungs can function more efficiently. Aim to drink at least eight glasses of water a day, and adjust your intake based on your activity level, climate, and individual needs. Regular Lung Check-Ups  Even if you're feeling well, it's a good idea to schedule regular check-ups with your healthcare provider, especially if you have a history of lung disease or other risk factors. Early detection of lung issues can lead to better treatment outcomes. Your doctor may recommend lung function tests, such as spirometry, to assess your lung health and identify any problems. If you experience any of the following warning signs, make an appointment with your pulmonologist. Your lung health is a critical component of your overall well-being. By following these seven strategies, you can take proactive steps to protect your lungs and reduce the risk of lung disease. Whether it's avoiding smoking, staying physically active, eating a nutritious diet, or maintaining good hygiene, these habits can go a long way in ensuring your lungs function optimally. Remember that healthy lungs are essential for a healthy life, so make these practices a part of your daily routine. <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/b5Me2_QY1Js" width="560" height="314" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Why Continental? Continental Hospitals is a 550 bedded Joint Commission International (JCI) accredited super speciality hospital with 30+ specialities spread out across 18 floors (1.3 million sq ft located in IT and Financial District of Hyderabad, Gachibowli Department of Pulmonary medicine at Continental Hospital has state of art infrastructure and all modern facilities available for diagnosis and treatment of any problem related to Pulmonology with 24 hour backup from Emergency and ICU services.