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Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is a viral infection that has recently gained attention due to its frequent outbreaks. Although reports of the disease were primarily from Africa, there has been a recent surge in cases across other continents, including India. In this blog, we will examine the definition of Mpox, its symptoms, global and Indian statistics, and whether Indians should be concerned. We will also be discussing treatment options here at Continental Hospitals to help and understand how to cope with the disease.
Understanding Mpox: A Brief Overview
Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease; this means it can spread from animals to humans, caused by the virus of Mpox. It belongs to the same family as the variola virus, which causes smallpox but is usually milder than that. A group of monkeys first detected the disease in 1958. In 1970, the Democratic Republic of the Congo reported the first human Mpox case. In recent years, however, Mpox has been able to spread from Africa and raised concerns about larger outbreaks.
The Mpox Virus Outbreak: A Global Situation Report
Historically, the primary mode of transmission from animals to humans, particularly rodents, has limited Mpox to central and western Africa. However, beginning in 2022, the Mpox virus outbreak took on a whole new dimension as cases reported its presence in over 70 countries spread across the globe, including the U.S., Europe, and Asia.
In 2023, WHO reported more than 85,000 cases of Mpox infection and more than 1,000 deaths worldwide. While these numbers are huge, most people infected with the virus usually develop mild-to-moderate symptoms and recover with due care. However, the virus's spread into non-endemic regions has raised several alarms because it reflects the potential for outbreaks in countries like India.
Mpox Outbreak in India: The Current Situation
In July 2022, India reported its first Mpox case. Since then, there have been periodic reports of new Mpox cases in India, though the numbers remain relatively low compared to other countries. According to India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, there have been about 25 confirmed cases as of September 2023, none of which were fatal. However, these Mpox cases have been relatively isolated in India, with the local health authorities effectively tracing and managing the spread of infection.
But with increased global travel and the nature of the virus, there is a potential to see more Mpox cases. This brings us to the crucial question: Should Indians be worried about an Mpox outbreak in the country?
Mpox Symptoms: What to Look For
Knowing the signs and symptoms of Mpox may lead to early detection and care. The virus Mpox causes the following general symptoms:
- Fever: This is among the very first signs of Mpox.
- Rash: Typically, rashes spread throughout the body, starting with the face. It may look like pimples or blister-like rashes.
- Swollen lymph nodes: common swelling includes the neck, armpits, and groin area.
- Muscle aches and fatigue are general feelings of weakness or tiredness.
- Headaches and chills accompany the fever and rash.
Symptoms generally appear within 5–21 days after exposure and last 2-4 weeks. The majority of people can recover completely. However, we have observed severe cases, particularly among immunocompromised patients, children, and people with poor health conditions.
How Is Mpox Transmitted?
The mpox virus spreads primarily through close contact with the infected individual. This might include
- Skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual's lesions or bodily fluids
- Long-term face-to-face exposure causes respiratory droplets.
- Contaminated objects. Examples include bedding and clothes.
Mpox is not considered a highly contagious virus, unlike viruses like COVID-19. For this reason, mpox outbreaks that involve mass participation are very unlikely to occur. However, preventive measures in personal hygiene will always help to contain this virus.
The Mpox Outbreak: Should Indians Be Worried?
Given the total number of cases reported in the country, the chances of an Mpox outbreak in India at this time are very low. The country has responded promptly to Mpox infection cases by isolating the patients, tracing the contacts, and creating public awareness. Because India has a robust health care system, including multi-specialty hospitals like Continental Hospitals, which can deal with infectious diseases, the chances of widespread dissemination of the Mpox virus are remote.
Vigilance thus is needed. While an outbreak of Mpox in India is unlikely, isolated cases could always be present, as long as there is international travel or contact with the virus. If Indians suspect a case of Mpox, they must be aware of the symptoms and report it to the hospital.
The Mpox cases in India differ from those worldwide
Now let me place this in relation to India's position in the world. According to the latest statistics:
More than 85,000 global cases
- Mpox deaths: at least 1,000 throughout the world
- India: 1 confirmed cases; no deaths.
In India, the number of Mpox cases is at an incredibly low level compared to global statistics. However, India remains vigilant, as the increasing number of global cases could potentially expose countries with fewer initial cases.
Mpox Vaccine: Is It Available in India?
One of the mighty arsenals in containing outbreaks was the vaccine against Mpox. The smallpox vaccine, phased out several decades ago, only partially protects against Mpox, prompting the development of new vaccines specific to the virus.
Currently, India doesn't have a mass vaccination program for Mpox, but the government has made vaccines available for certain high-risk groups, including health workers and very close contacts. If you belong to a high-risk group or are concerned about exposure, you can call your healthcare provider to learn more about the availability of Mpox vaccines in India.
Managing and Treating Mpox in India
The majority of mpox cases will be self-limiting and resolve on their own with no specific medical treatment. Symptomatic support may be adequate, including the management of fever, pain, or hydration concerns. Severe cases may justify antiviral treatments, such as Tecovirimat, approved in certain circumstances for mpox.
Hospitals in India, such as Continental Hospitals, are always prepared to treat and isolate individuals suffering from mpox. Generally, the success of dealing with viral infections depends on early detection and isolation.
Even though the Mpox virus outbreak in India has not yet reached a critical stage, people should always be aware of it and take the necessary precautions. The virus may spread like wildfire, but necessary precautions and frequent monitoring by healthcare professionals reduce the risk. The Indian health infrastructure, supported by collaborations with the international community, is prepared to meet any rise in cases.
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