Peritoneal Cancer: What Are the Symptoms to Watch?

Peritoneal cancer is a rare but serious condition that develops in the thin layer of tissue lining the abdomen, known as the peritoneum. This cancer often begins when cells in this lining start growing abnormally and uncontrollably. It can be primary peritoneal cancer (originating in the peritoneum itself) or secondary peritoneal cancer (spreading from another part of the body such as the ovaries, colon, or stomach). Early symptoms are often vague, which makes timely diagnosis challenging—but understanding them can help save lives.

What Is the Peritoneum?

The peritoneum is a thin, protective membrane that covers the inner wall of your abdomen and most abdominal organs. It produces a lubricating fluid that allows the organs to move smoothly within the abdominal cavity. When cancer affects this lining, it can interfere with normal functions, cause inflammation, and lead to fluid buildup (ascites), resulting in discomfort and swelling.

What Causes Peritoneal Cancer?

While the exact cause is not always known, doctors have identified some key risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing this cancer:

• Genetic mutations, especially BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are also linked to ovarian cancer
• Family history of ovarian or colorectal cancer
• Age and hormonal factors, especially in women over 50
• Previous abdominal or pelvic radiation
• Chronic inflammation in the abdominal area

Peritoneal cancer often behaves similarly to ovarian cancer, especially in women, and both share common genetic and biological patterns.

Symptoms of Peritoneal Cancer to Watch For

In the early stages, peritoneal cancer can be silent or cause mild discomfort. As it progresses, symptoms become more noticeable and persistent. Here are the most common signs to watch for:

Abdominal bloating or swelling – Often due to fluid accumulation (ascites).

Persistent abdominal pain or pressure – Usually a dull ache or feeling of heaviness.

Changes in bowel habits – Including constipation, diarrhea, or difficulty passing stool.

Loss of appetite and feeling full quickly – Even after eating small portions.

Unexplained weight loss – Without changes in diet or exercise.

Fatigue or weakness – Due to reduced nutrition and energy levels.

Nausea and indigestion – Caused by pressure on the stomach and intestines.

Frequent urination – When the cancer or fluid buildup presses against the bladder.

If you notice these symptoms persisting for several weeks, it’s important to consult a specialist for further evaluation.

How Is Peritoneal Cancer Diagnosed?

Since the symptoms can mimic other abdominal conditions, a detailed diagnosis involves several steps:

• Physical examination and assessment of symptoms
• Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to look for tumors or fluid buildup
• Blood tests, including CA-125, which may be elevated in certain cancers
• Paracentesis, a procedure to analyze fluid from the abdomen for cancer cells
• Biopsy, to confirm the presence and type of cancer cells

At Continental Hospitals, Hyderabad, advanced diagnostic tools such as PET-CT, endoscopic imaging, and precision-guided biopsies are used to ensure accurate and early diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Peritoneal Cancer

Treatment depends on the stage and spread of the cancer, the patient’s age, and overall health. A multidisciplinary approach provides the best outcomes. Common treatments include:

Surgery (Cytoreductive Surgery): The goal is to remove as much visible tumor as possible.

Chemotherapy: Delivered systemically or directly into the abdominal cavity (HIPEC - Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy) for targeted cancer cell destruction.

Targeted therapy: Uses drugs that attack specific cancer cell mechanisms.

Supportive care: Includes nutrition therapy, pain management, and psychological support.

At Continental Hospitals, highly skilled oncologists and surgical teams specialize in HIPEC procedures, offering cutting-edge cancer care that enhances survival rates and quality of life.

Can Peritoneal Cancer Be Prevented?

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent peritoneal cancer, certain habits and medical precautions can reduce risk:

• Regular screenings for those with a family history of ovarian or colon cancer
• Genetic counseling and BRCA testing for high-risk individuals
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, balanced diet, and regular exercise

Managing inflammation and seeking medical attention for persistent abdominal symptoms

Living with Peritoneal Cancer

A diagnosis of peritoneal cancer can be emotionally and physically challenging. However, modern medical advances have significantly improved outcomes. At Continental Hospitals, personalized treatment plans are designed to balance medical care with emotional and nutritional support. Patients receive care from an integrated team of oncologists, dietitians, physiotherapists, and psychologists to manage the condition holistically.

Why Choose Continental Hospitals, Hyderabad?

Continental Hospitals is a JCI- and NABH-accredited facility, known for its commitment to global standards of patient safety, quality, and advanced clinical care. The hospital houses state-of-the-art oncology infrastructure, including:

• Comprehensive Cancer Centre with medical, surgical, and radiation oncology
• Minimally invasive surgical technology for precision-based cancer surgeries
• Advanced molecular diagnostics for personalized treatment
• Multidisciplinary tumor boards to ensure evidence-based care
• Post-treatment rehabilitation and nutrition programs

Located in the heart of Hyderabad’s Financial District, the hospital ensures world-class care with compassion, confidentiality, and clinical excellence.

Conclusion

Peritoneal cancer may be rare, but early detection plays a key role in improving outcomes. Understanding symptoms like abdominal bloating, pain, or changes in appetite can prompt timely medical attention. Modern medicine, especially with advanced diagnostic and surgical techniques available at Continental Hospitals, Hyderabad, offers new hope for patients diagnosed with this condition.
Consult our best Surgical OncologySpecialist, Continental Hospitals, Hyderabad.