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Summer means more time outdoors, soaking in the sunshine. But while we’re busy applying sunscreen to protect our skin, we often forget that our eyes need protection too. Just like your skin, your eyes can get sunburned—a condition known as photokeratitis.
Photokeratitis is caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun, snow, or artificial sources like welding machines. It can lead to pain, redness, blurred vision, and a temporary feeling of sand in the eyes.
Let’s explore how photokeratitis affects your eyes, its symptoms, and the best ways to protect your vision this summer.
What is Photokeratitis?
Photokeratitis is a temporary but painful condition that happens when UV rays damage the cornea (the clear front layer of the eye) and the conjunctiva (the thin layer covering the white part of the eye).
Think of it as a sunburn for your eyes—just like how your skin burns after too much sun, your eyes can also suffer from overexposure.
It’s more common in summer when UV levels are high, but it can also happen in winter (snow blindness) when sunlight reflects off snow or water.
Symptoms of Photokeratitis
The symptoms of photokeratitis can appear within 6 to 12 hours of UV exposure and may include:
- Eye pain and discomfort – A burning or stinging sensation in the eyes.
- Redness and irritation – Eyes appear bloodshot and inflamed.
- Blurred vision – Temporary difficulty in seeing clearly.
- Tearing and watering – The body’s natural response to irritation.
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia) – Difficulty keeping the eyes open in bright light.
- A gritty or sandy feeling – As if something is stuck in the eyes.
- Temporary vision loss – In severe cases, vision may be temporarily affected.
Most cases of photokeratitis heal within 24 to 48 hours, but repeated exposure can cause permanent eye damage over time.
What Causes Photokeratitis?
Photokeratitis happens when the eyes are exposed to excessive UV rays. Some of the most common sources include:
Direct sunlight – Especially during peak hours (10 AM - 4 PM).
Reflected sunlight – UV rays bounce off surfaces like water, sand, snow, and glass.
Snow and ice – High-altitude areas and snowy environments increase UV exposure.
Artificial UV sources – Tanning beds, welding machines, and certain lamps can also cause photokeratitis.
People who spend a lot of time outdoors—hikers, beachgoers, skiers, and construction workers—are at a higher risk of developing this condition.
How to Protect Your Eyes from Sunburn This Summer
1. Wear UV-Protective Sunglasses
Not all sunglasses are created equal! Choose wraparound sunglasses that block 100% UVA and UVB rays.
- Look for labels that say “UV 400” or “100% UV protection”.
- Polarized lenses reduce glare from water, sand, and roads.
- Larger frames and wraparound styles offer better coverage.
Tip: Dark lenses don’t always mean better protection—check for UV-blocking labels!
2. Wear a Wide-Brimmed Hat
A hat with a wide brim (3 inches or more) provides extra shade and reduces UV exposure to your eyes by up to 50%.
Tip: Choose hats made from tightly woven fabric for the best protection.
3. Avoid Direct Sunlight During Peak Hours
The UV index is strongest between 10 AM and 4 PM. If possible, plan outdoor activities in the early morning or late afternoon when the sun’s rays are less intense.
Tip: Check the daily UV index on weather apps before heading outside.
4. Stay Hydrated to Prevent Dry Eyes
Dehydration can make your eyes dry and more sensitive to sunlight. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your eyes moist and healthy.
Tip: Eat water-rich foods like watermelon, cucumber, and oranges to stay hydrated.
5. Use Artificial Tears
If your eyes feel dry after sun exposure, artificial tears or lubricating eye drops can help restore moisture and soothe irritation.
Tip: Keep a bottle of preservative-free eye drops handy when traveling.
6. Never Stare Directly at the Sun
Looking directly at the sun, even for a few seconds, can cause serious eye damage. Use proper eye protection when watching solar eclipses or bright reflections on water or snow.
Tip: If you need to view the sun for any reason, use certified solar viewing glasses.
7. Wear Eye Protection in Snowy or Watery Environments
UV rays reflect off water, sand, and snow, increasing exposure. If you’re at the beach, on a boat, or skiing in the mountains, wear UV-blocking goggles or sunglasses.
Tip: Ski goggles with UV protection help prevent snow blindness in high-altitude areas.
What to Do If You Have Photokeratitis?
If you experience symptoms of photokeratitis, follow these home remedies:
- Move indoors – Avoid further sun exposure.
- Rest your eyes – Keep them closed as much as possible.
- Use a cool compress – Apply a clean, damp cloth over closed eyelids.
- Wear sunglasses – To reduce light sensitivity.
- Use artificial tears – To soothe dry or irritated eyes.
- Avoid rubbing your eyes – This can make irritation worse.
Why Choose Continental Hospitals for Eye Care?
At Continental Hospitals, we provide:
- Expert ophthalmologists – Specialists in treating eye conditions like photokeratitis.
- Advanced diagnostic technology – For precise eye examinations.
- Personalized treatment plans – Tailored to your needs.
- 24/7 emergency eye care – Immediate treatment for severe eye conditions.
Whether you need routine eye checkups, treatment for sun damage, or guidance on eye protection, our experts are here to help.
Conclusion: Protect Your Eyes This Summer!
Photokeratitis is preventable with simple eye care habits. Wearing UV-protective sunglasses, hats, staying hydrated, and avoiding direct sun exposure can help protect your vision.
Experiencing eye pain, redness, or vision issues? Visit Continental Hospitals for expert eye care. Consult the best ENT specialist in Hyderabad.
