World Hepatitis Day

World Hepatitis Day, observed annually on July 28th, serves as a powerful reminder of the ongoing fight against viral hepatitis. This year's theme, "It's Time for Action," underscores the urgency for immediate and collective efforts to tackle this global health threat. Hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver often caused by viruses, affects millions worldwide, with devastating consequences if left undiagnosed and untreated.

The Hepatitis Landscape: A Silent Threat

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections. Five main types of hepatitis viruses exist (A, B, C, D, and E), each with distinct characteristics and transmission routes. While some cases resolve on their own, chronic hepatitis B and C can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis and liver cancer.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 350 million people globally are living with chronic hepatitis B or C infections. Sadly, millions remain undiagnosed, hindering timely treatment and potentially transmitting the virus unknowingly. Here's a closer look at the major types of viral hepatitis:

Hepatitis A: Primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water, this typically causes acute illness with symptoms like fatigue, nausea, and jaundice. A vaccine is available for effective prevention.

Hepatitis B: Spreads through bodily fluids like blood and semen. Chronic infection can lead to liver damage. Vaccination offers excellent protection.

Hepatitis C: Often transmitted through contaminated needles and unsafe medical practices. It can progress to severe liver disease without early diagnosis and treatment. Highly effective antiviral medications are now available to cure hepatitis C.

Hepatitis D: Requires the presence of hepatitis B for co-infection and worsens the course of B.

Hepatitis E: Primarily transmitted through contaminated water and can cause acute illness, particularly severe in pregnant women. A vaccine exists for certain high-risk groups.

"It's Time for Action" – The 2024 Theme

The World Hepatitis Day 2024 theme is "It's Time for Action." This theme emphasizes the urgency for immediate and collective efforts to address the global challenge of viral hepatitis.

The key message behind this theme is to encourage a multi-faceted approach towards eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat. It emphasizes the need for immediate and collective action from individuals, communities, and governments. This action should focus on areas like:

• Raising awareness and education about different types of hepatitis.
• Increasing testing rates to ensure early diagnosis.
• Expanding vaccination programs for hepatitis A and B.
• Improving access to treatment for hepatitis B and C.
• Combating stigma surrounding the disease.

By working together, we can achieve the World Health Organization's goal of eliminating hepatitis by 2030.

Path to Elimination

The WHO has set ambitious targets to eliminate hepatitis B and C as public health threats by 2030, aiming for a 90% reduction in new infections and a 65% reduction in mortality. Achieving these goals requires a multifaceted approach:

Increasing Awareness and Education

Public awareness campaigns are crucial to inform people about hepatitis transmission, prevention, and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Schools, workplaces, and community organizations can play vital roles in disseminating information.

Expanding Vaccination Programs

Vaccination is a cornerstone of hepatitis prevention. Universal vaccination against hepatitis B, particularly in newborns, and improving coverage of hepatitis A vaccines can significantly reduce the incidence of these infections.

Enhancing Screening and Diagnosis

Early diagnosis of hepatitis B and C is essential for effective treatment and reducing transmission. Integrating hepatitis testing into routine health checks and expanding access to affordable testing services are critical steps.

Improving Access to Treatment

Access to antiviral treatments for hepatitis B and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C can save lives and prevent liver complications. Ensuring that these treatments are affordable and accessible to all who need them is a global priority.

Strengthening Health Systems

Robust health systems are necessary to deliver comprehensive hepatitis services, including prevention, testing, treatment, and care. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, training healthcare workers, and ensuring adequate resources are vital components.

Addressing Stigma and Discrimination

Stigma and discrimination against people with hepatitis must be addressed to encourage testing and treatment. Public education campaigns, supportive policies, and legal protections can help reduce stigma and promote inclusion.

Preventive Measures Against Hepatitis

• Get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B.
• Practice good hygiene, including regular hand washing with soap and water.
• Avoid sharing needles, razors, toothbrushes, or any items that may come into contact with blood or bodily fluids.
• Use barrier protection, such as condoms, during sexual activity.
• Ensure safe blood transfusions by only accepting blood screened for hepatitis.
• Avoid consuming contaminated food and water, particularly in areas with poor sanitation.
• Be cautious with tattoos and piercings; ensure that needles and equipment are sterilized.
• Follow proper procedures and use protective equipment if handling blood or bodily fluids in healthcare settings.
• Get regular screenings if at higher risk, such as those with chronic liver disease or those who have been in close contact with someone with hepatitis.
• Consider post-exposure prophylaxis if exposed to hepatitis B.
• Limit alcohol consumption to reduce liver strain.
• Maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly to support overall liver health.