Laryngeal Cancer

Laryngeal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the larynx, also known as the voice box. This condition occurs when abnormal cells in the larynx begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Laryngeal cancer can affect anyone, but it is more common in individuals who smoke or consume excessive amounts of alcohol. The larynx plays a crucial role in producing sound and helping us speak. Therefore, when affected by cancer, it can have a significant impact on an individual's ability to communicate effectively. 

If you suspect you or someone else is experiencing Laryngeal cancer, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services or consult with a Cancer Specialist.

Causes of Laryngeal Cancer

• Tobacco Use: Smoking or using other tobacco products significantly increases the risk of laryngeal cancer.
• Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Heavy drinking, especially when combined with smoking, further elevates the risk.
• HPV Infection: The human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly certain strains, is linked to some cases of laryngeal cancer.
• Exposure to Certain Chemicals: Regular exposure to toxic substances such as asbestos, wood dust, and industrial chemicals can increase the likelihood of developing laryngeal cancer.
• Poor Diet: Diets low in fruits and vegetables may increase susceptibility to laryngeal cancer.
• Family History of Cancer: A family history of head and neck cancers can elevate the risk.
• Gender and Age: Laryngeal cancer is more common in men and typically occurs in people over the age of 55.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux can irritate the larynx, increasing cancer risk over time.

Risk Factors of Laryngeal Cancer

• Tobacco use
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• HPV infection
• Age
• Gender
• Poor nutrition
• Occupational exposure
• Family history

Symptoms of Laryngeal Cancer

• Hoarseness or Voice Changes: Persistent changes in the voice, such as hoarseness, that don’t improve over time.
• Sore Throat: Constant throat pain that doesn’t go away, even with treatment.
• Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Pain or discomfort when swallowing food or liquids.
• Lump in the Neck: A noticeable lump or swelling in the neck, which could be a swollen lymph node.
• Persistent Cough: A long-lasting cough, sometimes accompanied by blood.
• Ear Pain: Pain in one or both ears, often without infection.
• Breathing Difficulties: Shortness of breath or a feeling of obstruction in the throat.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Losing weight unexpectedly without changes in diet or activity.

Diagnosis for Laryngeal Cancer

• Physical Examination: Initial assessment of symptoms and a physical exam, including feeling the neck for lumps.
• Laryngoscopy: Use of a laryngoscope to visually inspect the larynx for abnormal areas or growths.
• Biopsy: Removal of a tissue sample from the larynx for microscopic examination to confirm cancer presence.
• Imaging Tests:
  • CT Scan: Provides detailed images to determine tumor size and location.
  • MRI: Helps assess soft tissue involvement and spread to nearby areas.
  • PET Scan: Used to detect if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
• Endoscopy: A detailed examination of the throat and nearby structures to look for abnormalities or additional tumors.
• Blood Tests: While not directly diagnosing laryngeal cancer, blood tests can provide information on overall health and potential indicators of cancer.

Treatments for Laryngeal Cancer

• Surgery:

  • Partial Laryngectomy: Removes part of the larynx, preserving some voice function.
  • Total Laryngectomy: Complete removal of the larynx, which may require a permanent stoma (opening in the neck) for breathing.
  • Laser Surgery: A minimally invasive approach used in early-stage laryngeal cancer to remove small tumors.
  • Neck Dissection: Removal of lymph nodes in the neck if cancer has spread to these areas.

• Radiation Therapy:

  • Used alone for early-stage cancer or after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells.
  • Can also be combined with chemotherapy for advanced cases to preserve the larynx.

• Chemotherapy:

  • Often combined with radiation therapy (chemoradiation) for more advanced laryngeal cancers.
  • Used to shrink tumors before surgery or to treat cancer that has spread.

• Targeted Therapy:

  • Medications designed to specifically target cancer cells, often with fewer side effects than chemotherapy.
  • Cetuximab is a commonly used targeted drug for laryngeal cancer.

• Immunotherapy:

  • Stimulates the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells, mainly used for advanced or recurrent laryngeal cancer.

• Rehabilitation and Speech Therapy:

  • Post-treatment support to help patients regain speaking abilities, particularly after surgery.
  • Voice and swallowing therapy can be essential for quality of life and functional recovery.

Preventive Measures for Laryngeal Cancer

• Avoid Tobacco Products: Refrain from smoking and using other tobacco products, as they are major risk factors.
• Limit Alcohol Consumption: Reduce alcohol intake, as excessive drinking can increase cancer risk.
• Eat a Balanced Diet: Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support immune health.
• Protect Yourself from HPV: Consider HPV vaccination, as some strains of HPV are linked to laryngeal cancer.
• Use Protective Equipment: Wear masks or other protective gear if working in environments with chemicals or dust.
• Maintain Good Oral Hygiene: Regular oral care can help prevent infections and irritation in the throat area.
• Manage Acid Reflux: Treat and control GERD to reduce chronic irritation in the throat.
• Stay Active: Regular physical activity supports overall health and helps maintain a healthy immune system.
• Get Regular Checkups: Routine health exams can help detect early signs of laryngeal cancer, especially if at higher risk.

Do's & Don’t's

When it comes to laryngeal cancer, there are certain do's and don'ts that can help individuals in their journey towards recovery and prevention. By following these guidelines, one can take proactive steps to maintain their health and well-being. 

If you suspect you or someone else is experiencing Laryngeal cancer, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services or consult with a Cancer Specialist.