Causes of Acne
Acne can be caused by a combination of factors, including:
Excess oil production: When the sebaceous glands produce too much oil (sebum), it can mix with dead skin cells and block hair follicles, leading to the formation of acne.
Clogged pores: Dead skin cells can accumulate in the hair follicles, mixing with oil and forming plugs that clog pores. This provides an ideal environment for acne-causing bacteria to thrive.
Bacteria: Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a type of bacteria that lives on the skin and plays a role in the development of acne. When trapped within clogged pores, it can multiply and contribute to inflammation and acne lesions.
Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause, can increase oil production and make the skin more prone to acne.
Genetics: A family history of acne can predispose individuals to develop the condition. Genetic factors influence how the skin responds to hormones and inflammation, contributing to acne development.
Certain medications: Some medications, such as corticosteroids, lithium, and androgens, can exacerbate acne by influencing hormone levels or increasing oil production.
Dietary factors: While the link between diet and acne is still debated, some studies suggest that high-glycemic-index foods (such as sugary and processed foods) and dairy products may worsen acne in some individuals.
Stress: While stress alone doesn't cause acne, it can exacerbate existing acne by triggering hormonal changes that increase oil production and inflammation.
Cosmetics and skincare products: Certain makeup, skincare products, and hair products can clog pores and contribute to acne, especially if they are oil-based or comedogenic (tending to clog pores).
Environmental factors: Exposure to pollutants, humidity, and certain occupational or environmental factors can worsen acne in susceptible individuals.