Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat chronic pain, tumors, and certain heart conditions. It works by using heat generated from radio waves to destroy abnormal tissue or disrupt nerve signals causing pain. RFA is commonly used for conditions like arthritis, varicose veins, and liver, kidney, or lung tumors. The procedure is safe, with minimal downtime, making it an effective option for pain relief and tumor management without the need for major surgery.

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove small, high-risk lesions in the digestive tract, particularly in the esophagus, stomach, and colon. It is commonly performed to treat early-stage cancers or precancerous growths without requiring major surgery. EMR involves injecting fluid beneath the lesion to lift it from the underlying tissue before cutting it out using specialized instruments. This technique reduces the risk of complications and allows for precise removal while preserving healthy tissue.

Cryotherapy is an advanced endoscopic treatment that uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal esophageal tissue, particularly in conditions like Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia or early-stage esophageal cancer. During the procedure, liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide is applied to the affected area, freezing and eliminating unhealthy cells. The body then naturally sheds the dead tissue, allowing healthy tissue to regenerate. Cryotherapy is a safe, repeatable, and effective alternative for patients who are not candidates for more invasive treatments like surgery.

Surgical intervention is considered for severe cases where precancerous or cancerous conditions progress beyond what endoscopic procedures can manage. It may involve esophagectomy, where part or all of the esophagus is removed, or other complex gastrointestinal surgeries. Surgery is usually recommended when the lesion has penetrated deeper layers of tissue or when there is a high risk of metastasis. Although more invasive, modern surgical techniques aim to minimize complications and improve patient recovery, ensuring the best possible long-term outcomes.