Surgery may be required if the infection causes severe damage to the heart valves, leads to heart failure, or does not respond to antibiotic treatment. Procedures include valve repair or valve replacement with mechanical or biological prosthetics.

Patients may require additional supportive measures like fluid therapy, oxygen support, pain management, and treatment for complications such as embolism or organ dysfunction.

In rare cases where endocarditis is caused by fungi or viruses rather than bacteria, antifungal or antiviral medications are used. These infections are often more difficult to treat and may require longer durations of therapy.

After initial treatment, regular follow-ups are essential to ensure the infection is completely cleared and to monitor heart valve function. Echocardiograms and blood tests are commonly used during the monitoring phase.