Causes of IBS
The exact causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) are not fully understood, but several factors are believed to play a role:
Abnormalities in Gut Motility: IBS is associated with disturbances in the normal contractions of the intestines that propel food and waste through the digestive tract. This can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, or alternating bouts of both.
Visceral Hypersensitivity: People with IBS may have a heightened sensitivity to pain and discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract. Normal intestinal sensations like gas and stool may be perceived as painful or uncomfortable.
Brain-Gut Dysfunction: There is a complex interaction between the brain and the gut, often referred to as the brain-gut axis. Changes in how the brain and gut communicate can affect bowel function and sensations.
Gut Microbiota: The gut microbiome (the community of microorganisms in the intestines) plays a role in digestion and overall gut health. Alterations in the microbiota composition or function have been linked to IBS symptoms.
Psychological Factors: Stress, anxiety, and other psychological factors can exacerbate symptoms of IBS. Conversely, IBS symptoms themselves can cause stress and anxiety, creating a cycle that worsens the condition.
Inflammation and Immune Activation: Low-grade inflammation and immune activation in the intestines may contribute to IBS symptoms, although it's not typically considered an inflammatory bowel disease like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
Genetics: There may be a genetic predisposition to IBS, as it tends to run in families. However, specific genetic factors contributing to IBS have not been fully elucidated.